Extreme Learning Machines for Multiclass Classification: Refining Predictions with Gaussian Mixture Models

This paper presents an extension of the well-known Extreme Learning Machines (ELMs). The main goal is to provide probabilities as outputs for Multiclass Classification problems. Such information is more useful in practice than traditional crisp classification outputs. In summary, Gaussian Mixture Models are used as post-processing of ELMs. In that context, the proposed global methodology is keeping the advantages of ELMs (low computational time and state of the art performances) and the ability of Gaussian Mixture Models to deal with probabilities. The methodology is tested on 3 toy examples and 3 real datasets. As a result, the global performances of ELMs are slightly improved and the probability outputs are seen to be accurate and useful in practice.